How can I determine what kind of bonding a material has?

there no ionic bonding in rubber. i'll make easy. bonding covalent various "shades of gray." bonding involves attraction of electrons 2 or more nuclei. when attraction "one-sided" bond has high ionic character.

terms "ionic" , "covalent" refer 2 extremes of bonding "ideal bonds." real bonds fall somewhere between 2 extremes. can describe bonds in terms of percent ionic character* of bond can calculated electronegativity difference (Δen).

rubber mixture of organic compounds have bonds high covalent character. bonds determine properties, not other way around. in fact, properties of substances depend on whether molecules exist discrete molecules or networks of atoms. network compounds tend have high melting , boiling points regardless of whether bonds have high covalent character or high ionic character. molecules exist discrete molecules attracted weaker intermolecular forces, , tend have lower melting , boiling points.

percent ionic character = 100[1 - e^(-Δen²/4)]

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statements this, "metal , non metal -- it's ionic. non metal , non metal --then it's covalent." misleading, in cases plain incorrect. there many compounds of metals , nonmetals high covalent character. therefore, saying metal-nonmetal bonds ionic wrong.

instance, consider copper(ii) chloride. metal-nonmetal compound has bonds 33% ionic character. melting point of 498 degrees indicates cucl2 network solid. relatively high melting point not due ionic bonding.

electronegativity difference above 1.7 100% ionic irresponsible. isn't anywhere close correct. there no 100% ionic bonds.

for example, rubber have ionic, secondary, or covalent bonding , how can figure out different materials? properties of material determine bonding? in advance help.

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